Tips for Getting Your Baby on a Healthy Sleep Schedule

Many parents find it challenging to get their babies onto a healthy baby sleep schedule. When parents face difficulties with infant and child sleep issues, they can often feel helpless and alone. Although it seems like everyone has advice to give, it seems like nobody offers a definitive plan as to how to get your child to sleep through the night.
The topic of infant sleep and baby sleep schedules is foremost in every new parent’s mind, and the information available on the subject is highly varied. Some books recommend getting up with your baby a dozen times a night, while others suggest letting them cry until they throw up! With contradictory advice like this, its no wonder parents are confused.
Although most parents can appreciate that their infant needs to sleep and have a good baby sleep schedule in order to grow and develop, many are unaware of the important sleep associations children acquire along the way. If a child is not given the opportunity to develop strategies to fall and stay asleep on their own, they may become dependent on outside stimuli to assist them. Consider these tips below for helping your child get the sleep they need…
1. The single most important skill you can teach children is how to fall asleep on their own without any external help. It is a life skill that is just as important as learning healthy eating habits or the benefits of daily exercise.
2. Consistency is the key. Whatever your method, you need to stick to it. Bedtime and naptime have to be non-negotiable. Sleep is just as important to a child’s health as a nutritious meal.
3. A predictable bedtime routine is an important cue to let the child’s body know that bedtime is near and its time to relax and prepare for nighttime sleep.
4. A short naptime routine will help in creating a relaxing environment that will prepare a child’s mind and body toward the idea of naptime and ease the transition.
5. An early bedtime is the key to avoiding overtiredness and hyperactivity in the evening. Any time between 6 and 8 pm is ideal for most infants and toddlers to be heading for bed.
6. Think of sleep as a continuous 24-hour cycle. Whatever happens at each stage of the day has a direct impact on what happens for the next 24 hours. Think twice about skipping naps and allowing late night bedtimes. It will affect what happens at the next stage of the 24-hour cycle.
7. If possible, avoid letting your child fall asleep while feeding. Infants who are allowed to fall asleep while breastfeeding or bottle-feeding often require this routine when they wake during the night.
Those sleepless nights aren’t good for you or your baby – and a gentle, effective baby sleep routine is a lot easier than you’re probably thinking. In fact, most babies will learn to soothe themselves into a deep and peaceful sleep within just a few nights!

The Causes of Weeping Eye in Babies?

When a baby's eyes produce a sticky, yellowish discharge, they are considered to be weeping. Weeping eyes sometimes produce tears despite the absence of crying, as well. Weeping eyes are commonly seen in newborns for the first few weeks or months of life, notes pediatrician and University of California-Irvine School of Medicine associate clinical professor of pediatrics Dr. William Sears on his website AskDrSears.com.

Blocked Tear Ducts

Blocked tear ducts are the most common cause of weeping eyes in babies, particularly newborns, according to AskDrSears.com. Tear ducts should drain through the nasal passages, but newborns have a thin membrane sealing off the natural drainage system. This membrane usually breaks open shortly after birth. However, when it doesn't, the fluid that doesn't drain eventually becomes infected, and weeping eyes result. Tears may also accumulate and dry out in the eyes, leaving yellowish clumps.

A warm compress loosens the secretion, and parents can carefully wipe accumulation away with a clean, damp washcloth, according to Dr. Spock. Tear ducts are often opened with consistent, gentle massage of the area around the small bump located at the top sides of the nose beneath the eyes, according to AskDrSears.com. Rub away from the eyes, up toward the nose. Dr. Spock points out that in some cases, a minor surgical procedure is necessary to open the tear ducts.

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Conjunctivitis

Weeping eyes are a symptom of conjunctivitis, otherwise known as pinkeye, states AskDrSears.com. The condition is most notable for producing a reddish tint in the whites of the eyes and on the upper and/or lower rims of eyelids.

Conjunctivitis results from viral infections, bacterial infections such as staphylococcus, streptococcus or hemophilus, or from inflammation from an allergen, notes the medical advisory board-reviewed website BabyCenter. A baby's pediatrician must determine the underlying cause and base treatment on the diagnosis. Viral infections resolve on their own, but parents should keep a baby's eyes clean with a damp washcloth. Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with a course of topical or eye drop antibiotics. Allergic conjunctivitis requires identifying the irritant and isolating the baby from it.

Sinusitis

Sinus infections sometimes cause weeping eyes in a baby. Viral infections like the common cold cause sinusitis--an inflammation of the sinuses--as do bacterial infections in sinus cavities, explains pediatrician Dr. Alan Greene of DrGreene.com. In young children, other symptoms are generally akin to those of a prolonged cold, sometimes coupled with a chronic cough, states DrGreene.com.

Bacterial sinusitis calls for a regimen of oral antibiotics. Symptoms can be eased and treatment accelerated with use of a saline nose spray or drops. A baby's pediatrician may also recommend decongestants to remedy symptoms.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/231185-what-are-the-causes-of-weeping-eye-in-babies/#ixzz1wV6Lbekw

Some Tips To Cool Down Your Body in Summer

Its 114 degrees out there, and your skin seems to be sucking the heat in deeper into your body rather than helping you cool down. An occasional afternoon downpour brings more grief than relief for it layers on humidity that is thick enough to slice with a knife. Throw in a little pollution and each second becomes pure hell when you are outdoors.

The recently past heat wave seems to be consuming India and is probably indicative of an approaching hot summer, for brutal May, sizzling June and searing July and August are yet to come. 

Can certain foods help towards reversing some of this exchange of body heat? Yes, they most certainly can!

Why and how does this heat exchange happen?
On sultry, humid days, muscles compete with the skin for blood circulation. When it's hot outside, more blood flows near the skin to help dissipate body heat and cool the body down thereby keeping your body's temperature from rising to dangerous levels. But that can mean less blood reaches muscles, hence the lethargy.

At the same time, as when your body becomes hotter, muscle enzymes speed up and burn glycogen more rapidly, depleting stores of the sugar that your muscles use for fuel. Hence it's imperative to drink plenty of fluids that would help hydrate your muscles and skin adequately in order to maintain internal cooling down.

Is it a good idea to apply wet rags over your forehead, thereby reducing the heat entering your brain?
Not necessarily. Neither is it a good idea to wet your head down entirely, especially for kids who have just finished playing a sport. You have to make the heat move outwards. Too much water on the skin's surface inhibits sweat evaporation that helps cool the body down.

To handle this heat onslaught and ensure your body is as cool as it can possibly be, we suggest a few measures that are easy to follow:
1.    Eat light, small, frequent meals. Start the morning with a sweet, juicy fruit at breakfast. Ripe summer fruits - peaches, plums, melons and pears, are exactly what your skin craves for in the hot season. Citrus fruits are also very cooling. Eat whole or extract their juice, store in the refrigerator and sip often throughout the day.
2.    Include salads in your diet. Consuming leafy lettuce and summer greens, corn on cob and cucumbers, in salads are delicious ways to stay cool. These foods contain a significant amount of water and can actually thin the blood, which has a cooling effect. Onions too are great in the summer, because of their ability to beat the heat and provide relief from summer ailments. So, throw in some washed onion slices onto a sandwich, or in your salad.
3.    If you get burnt (sun stroke or heat stroke), seek relief by sipping on green tea or take a spoon of onion juice. They are potent antioxidants that can neutralize cellular damage caused by the sun's rays.
4.    To cool the body through sweating, add small amounts of hot spices to food while cooking. Hot peppers, fresh ginger, and black pepper are all great spices to make it really hot for you and then to cool you down.
5.    Hydrate your body. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water a day. Water is the best drink as it doesn't contain any sugars that can add up to unnecessary calories. For a change, a lemon and honey drink can also instantly replenish your body's lost fluids and work as an energizer.  Drink fluids even if you are not yet thirsty. Once you have the feeling of being thirsty means you are already dehydrated.
6.    Wear loose, full-sleeved cotton clothes to protect the body from the sun and to aid evaporation of sweat.  Use a hat to protect your head from the sun you go out
7.     Stay indoors. Restrict outdoor activities to the cooler parts of the day - early mornings before 10.30am or late evenings after 530pm

The not so cool:

• If you're a non-vegetarian, you should limit red meat and instead go for fish and oysters.
• Avoid extreme cold foods and drinks - most of us normally pick these and they are actually known to interfere with digestion and sweating, thereby interfering with the body's natural cooling mechanisms. So, however tempting it may be to sit on your porch licking an ice cream cone or sipping a cool glass of tea, try a wedge of watermelon instead.

As the mercury rises, the last thing on one's mind is food - but if you eat smart, small & light meals and accompany it with plenty of fluids you will be a cool winner.

So go ahead and take these obvious precautions! But remember the best place to start the cooling process is in your body's core.

Food poisoning

Food poisoning occurs when you swallow food or water that has been contaminated with certain types of bacteria, parasites, viruses, or toxins.
Most cases of food poisoning are due to common bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Food poisoning more commonly occurs after eating at picnics, school cafeterias, large social functions, or restaurants. One or more people may become sick.
Food poisoning is caused by certain bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. Types of food poisoning include:

• Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
• Campylobacter enteritis
• Cholera
• E. coli enteritis
• Fish poisoning
• Listeria
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Salmonella
• Shigella

Bacteria may get into your food in different ways:

• Meat or poultry may come into contact with intestinal bacteria when being processed
• Water that is used during growing or shipping may contain animal or human waste
• Improper food handling or preparation

Food poisoning often occurs from eating or drinking:

• Any food prepared by someone who did not wash their hands properly
• Any food prepared using unclean cooking utensils, cutting boards, or other tools
• Dairy products or food containing mayonnaise (such as coleslaw or potato salad) that have been out of the refrigerator too long
• Frozen or refrigerated foods that are not stored at the proper temperature or are not reheated properly
• Raw fish or oysters
• Raw fruits or vegetables that have not been washed well
• Raw vegetable or fruit juices and dairy
• Undercooked meats or eggs
• Water from a well or stream, or city or town water that has not been treated

Infants and elderly people are at the greatest risk for food poisoning. You are also at higher risk if:

• You have a serious medical condition, such as kidney disease or diabetes
• You have a weakened immune system
• You travel outside of the United States to areas where there is more exposure to germs that cause food poisoning

Pregnant and breastfeeding women have to be especially careful to avoid food poisoning.

Symptoms

When you develop symptoms depends on the exact cause of the food poisoning. The most common types of food poisoning generally cause symptoms within 2 - 6 hours of eating the food.
Possible symptoms include:

• Abdominal cramps
• Diarrhea (may be bloody)
• Fever and chills
• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weakness (may be serious and lead to respiratory arrest, as in the case of botulism)

Signs and tests

Your health care provider will examine you for signs of food poisoning, such as pain in the stomach and signs your body does not have as much water and fluids as it should. This is called dehydration.
You will be asked about the foods you have eaten recently.
Tests may be done on your blood, stools, vomit, or the food you have eaten to determine the cause of your symptoms. However, tests may not be able to prove that you have food poisoning.
In rare but possibly serious cases, your health care provider may order a sigmoidoscopy, a procedure in which a thin tube placed in the anus to look for the source of bleeding or infection.

Treatment

You will usually recover from the most common types of food poisoning within a couple of days. The goal is to make you feel better and make sure your body maintains the proper amount of fluids.

• Don't eat solid foods until the diarrhea has passed, and avoid dairy products, which can worsen diarrhea (due to a temporary state of lactose intolerance).
• Drink any fluid (except milk or caffeinated beverages) to replace fluids lost by diarrhea and vomiting.
• Give children an electrolyte solution sold in drugstores.

If you have diarrhea and are unable to drink fluids (for example, due to nausea or vomiting), you may need medical attention and fluids given through a vein (by IV). This is especially true for young children.
If you take diuretics, you need to manage diarrhea carefully. Talk to your health care provider -- you may need to stop taking the diuretic while you have the diarrhea. Never stop or change medications without talking to your health care provider and getting specific instructions.
For the most common causes of food poisoning, your doctor would NOT prescribe antibiotics.
You can buy medicines at the drugstore that help slow diarrhea. Do not use these medicines without talking to your health care provider if you have bloody diarrhea or a fever. Do not give these medicines to children.
If you have eaten toxins from mushrooms or shellfish, you will need medical attention right away. The emergency room doctor will take steps to empty out your stomach and remove the toxin.

Expectations (prognosis)

Most people fully recover from the most common types of food poisoning within 12 - 48 hours. Serious complications can arise, however, from certain types of food poisoning.
Death from food poisoning in people who are otherwise healthy is rare in United States.

Complications

Dehydration is the most common complication. This can occur from any of the causes of food poisoning.
Less common but much more serious complications depend on the bacteria that is causing the food poisoning. These may include arthritis, bleeding problems, kidney problems, damage to the nervous system, and swelling or irritation in the tissue around the heart.

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have:

• Blood or pus in your stools
• Black stools
• Stomach pain that does not go away after a bowel movement
• Symptoms of dehydration (thirst, dizziness, light-headedness)
• Diarrhea with a fever above 101°F (100.4°F in children)
• Recently traveled to a foreign country and developed diarrhea

Also call your doctor if:

• The diarrhea gets worse or does not get better in 2 days for an infant or child, or 5 days for adults
• A child over 3 months old has been vomiting for more than 12 hours; in younger babies, call as soon as vomiting or diarrhea begins

Go to the emergency room or call your local emergency number, such as 911, if:

• Bleeding is excessive or your stools are maroon or black
• You may have poisoning from mushrooms, fish, or botulism
• Your heart is racing, pounding, or skipping

Eye Disease in Children

School-age children rarely have serious eye diseases, but there are three types of minor eye infections that may occur: blepharitis, conjunctivitis and sties.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids. It is characterized by a yellowish crust found at the base of the eyelashes and is often accompanied by tiny, whitish gray flakes that resemble dandruff.
Blepharitis may be caused by seborrhea, bacteria, viruses or fungi. Poor health, inadequate nutrition or careless hygiene are other causes. It may be accompanied by conjunctivitis, skin ulceration, loss of or misdirected lashes and other complications. The child may experience itching, burning, tearing and sensitivity to light.
The common, mild form of blepharitis will clear up with proper cleaning each morning and night. The more serious form, which is extremely rare, may require medication.

Conjunctivitis

The most common form of conjunctivitis in children is often called “pink eye,” as the eye tissue turns pink during the acute stage of the infection.
Pink eye can be accompanied by a yellowish discharge, excessive tearing, an uncomfortable feeling around the eye, itching and sometimes a sensitivity to bright light.
Pink eye may be bacterial, viral or allergic in origin. It is highly contagious and can be passed via towels, washcloths or bed linen. Although it usually clears in about a week, medication is needed in some cases, so it is best to have the child examined. When light sensitivity is involved, the child may need to wear sunglasses outdoors while recovering.

Sty

While a sty should be treated carefully, it is not considered dangerous. A sty resembles a pimple and is located at the edge of the eyelids. To avoid complications, a sty should never be squeezed.  Instead, a hot compress should be applied to bring it to a head. It should then break by itself.
Although rare, sties can lead to severe infection and swelling of the eyelids which requires immediate medical intervention. Therefore, it is best to have the child examined if any unusual swelling occurs.

Games for one year baby

You and your one-year-old will have lots of fun playing these simple games, and they'll help her development, too. If you don't see your favourite toddler game below, why not scroll down to the parents' comments box, below, to share it with us.

12 to 16 months

• Coming to life
Pretend your baby's favourite teddy or doll is real -- make her walk, go to bed, jump across the room. Include her in everyday activities -- sitting her at the table for tea, for example, and putting a bib on her. Talking about what you are doing will help her understand language. Act out happy and sad times, too, so she can learn about feelings and emotions as well as developing her imagination.

• Push me, pull you
If your baby is pulling herself on to two feet and trying to walk, help her practise with a pushing and pulling game. Use a moveable object such as a child-size chair or plastic stacking box filled with soft toys. While she holds the edges for support you can hold the other side and keep it steady. Then slowly pull the box towards you side to encourage her to step forward. Soon she'll start to push while you gently pull. This will build her confidence ready for when she starts walking on her own.

• Clap happy
By now your baby will be able to hold her hands open, but it may be a while before she claps independently. For now, clap them together with her, or let her hold your hands and pat them together. Sit her facing you on the floor, or on your lap, and sing clapping songs together like 'Pat-a-cake, pat-a cake'. These will boost her language skills as well as her hand-eye co-ordination.

• Who's hiding here?
Just as she loved peek-a-boo as a baby, your toddler will love to play simple games of hide and seek. First thing in the morning take it in turns to hide under the bed sheets; at bath time, use a big towel to hide under, instead. For extra fun and giggles you can gently prod her as she hides, 'Is this a leg? Or is it an arm?' and so on. Games like this help teach your toddler that, just because she can't see something, it doesn't mean it isn't there. For a change, while she's wrapped up in the towel, carry her into another room. She'll be delighted when she's unveiled to discover she's moved location!

16 to 20 months

• Tea party
On a sunny day take a child-sized plastic tea set outdoors and fill a large plastic bowl with water. Pretend you've 'come to tea' and encourage your toddler to fill the teapot and pour out the tea. This fun game will challenge your baby's co-ordination skills and help her learn about the properties of water -- for example, that it always flows down, not up.

• Brick patterns
This requires a bit of concentration so is best played when your toddler's feeling refreshed. Use her building blocks to make simple patterns, such as three in a row or 'two up, two down' to make a square. Encourage her to use other blocks so she can copy your pattern. Then let her have a go at making her own pattern, which you have to copy. Sorting objects like this into shapes will help encourage your toddler's problem-solving skills.

• Roll it to me
Balls are popular toys for one-year-olds. Bouncy balls are best kept outside, but soft, foam balls make great indoor toys. The best ball game to start playing with your toddler is this easy version of 'catch'. Both of you sit on the ground facing each other with your legs apart and toes touching. You can now roll the ball backwards and forwards to each other without it going out of bounds. Fun for building arm muscles and hand-eye co-ordination.

• Young collector
Go for a walk together and take a bucket with you. Collect small objects that interest your toddler -- stones, leaves, pine cones. Your toddler will want to carry the bucket, but don't be surprised if she also dumps its contents and starts again. Toddlers at this age love to fill containers just so then can empty them again! Meanwhile, she's practising her hand movements and developing dexterity.

20-24 months

• Let's dance!
Play favourite bits of music that lend themselves to particular actions -- something with a big, loud beat so your child can stamp like an elephant or that's quiet so she can pretend that she's tiptoeing past a sleeping lion, trying not to wake it up. Marching to music is also great fun and easy enough for most toddlers to manage. These games will stretch her imagination and develop her sense of rhythm.

• Balloon fun
Balloons are great for indoor play. They move slowly enough to be chased and are relatively easy to catch. Blow one up -- watching this is half the fun -- and pat it up into the air. Count how long it takes to float down to the ground or let your toddler try to catch it. A good game for counting skills and hand-eye co-ordination.

• What can you hear?
Take a big towel or blanket out into the garden and lie down on it together. Ask your toddler to close her eyes and listen carefully. After a minute or so ask her what she could hear, and tell her what you heard: the wind in the trees, bird song, a car going past. This is a great game for helping your toddler develop her listening skills.

• Catch me if you can
Toddlers love to be chased -- and parents usually love chasing their toddlers! The object of this game is to be caught -- especially if your child knows he gets a big bear hug and slobbery kiss every time you manage to catch him. For variety, pretend to be different types of animals -- a roaring lion or a scuttling mouse. When your toddler catches you let him have a go, too. A great game for building up your toddler's stamina -- and yours, too!

SOLID FOODS TO YOUR BABY

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It's Time to Introduce Solid Foods - a wonderful milestone full of worry, fun and mess!

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Introducing Solid Foods to Your Baby - Tips, Solid Food Charts For Babies and Other Useful Information about Starting Solids

Introducing solid foods to your baby is a really big milestone. This milestone is a lot of fun and a lot of worry as well. One of the most important things to keep in mind is that your baby has so many years of food experiences ahead that there is no need to rush things!
Remember, you are taking the first steps to helping your little one develop healthy eating habits that will last a lifetime. Here you will find pages of useful information and solid food charts for you to review and get a sense of what your baby may be eating at a certain age or stage. This information will help ease your mind as you are introducing solid foods and will also ease the transition to solid foods for your baby.

Current Recommendations for Introducing Solid Foods

Current recommendations indicate that breast milk or formula should be baby’s main source of nutrition until at least 6 months of age.  While many pediatricians recommend starting solid foods sometime between 4 and six months of age, the earlier introduction of solid foods may have certain risk factors; consult your pediatrician. For example, the "Introduction of complementary feedings [solid foods] before 6 months of age generally does not increase total caloric intake or rate of growth and only substitutes foods that lack needed nutrients and the protective components of human milk (and formula). AAP Policy Note - 194"

Is Your Baby Ready for Solid Food?

How do you know if your baby is ready for solid foods?  There are many signs to look for that will indicate that your little one may be ready to begin the journey into solid foods. Your baby may be 3 months old or 4 months old when you start to feel she may need "something more" than formula or breast milk. 

Maybe she is beginning to awaken more often at night or eat more often than "usual" and you wonder if introducing solid foods may be what she needs.Please keep in mind that a growth spurt will occur between 3-4 months of age. Your baby may begin to wake more frequently at night for a feeding and/or may being to eat non-stop (cluster feed) as she once did as a newborn. 
Read more at Is Your Baby Ready for Solid Foods?

 

Beginning Solid Foods

When you find that your baby is ready for solid foods, consider skipping the boxed cereal and starting out with avocado, sweet potato, banana or pear!

You should give your baby one new food at a time, and wait a a minimal of 2 to 3 days before starting another. Many parents follow the "4 day wait rule" and choose to wait 4 days between introducing new foods. After each new food, watch for any allergic reactions such as diarrhea, rash, or vomiting. If any of these occur, stop using the new food and consult with your child’s doctor.

Within a few months of starting solid foods, according to the AAP, you should offer your baby a variety of foods each day that may include the following:

Breast milk and/or formula
Meats
Cereal
Vegetables
Fruits
Eggs and fish

Introducing Allergenic Foods to Babies and Food Allergies

Changes to how to introduce allergenic foods to your baby are slowly taking place. "Many pediatricians recommend against giving eggs and fish in the first year of life because of allergic reactions, but there is no evidence that introducing these nutrient-dense foods after 4 to 6 months of age determines whether your baby will be allergic to them." view report

Visit the Allergies & Baby Food page to learn more about these changes as well as about allergenic foods.

Remember, the World Health Organisation, the American Academy of Pediatrics, Health Canada, Health Insite - Australia and the Department of Public Health (U.K.) as well as the CDC all recommend that babies receive nothing but breast milk and/or formula for the first 6 months of age. What does the WHO say?

"Complementary feeding should be timely, meaning that all infants should start receiving foods in addition to breast milk from 6 months onwards. It should be adequate, meaning that the nutritional value of complementary foods should parallel at least that of breast milk. Foods should be prepared and given in a safe manner, meaning that measures are taken to minimize the risk of contamination with pathogens. And they should be given in a way that is appropriate, meaning that foods are of appropriate texture and given in sufficient quantity." WHO Complementary Feeding

Further, the "WHO recommends that infants start receiving complementary foods at 6 months of age in addition to breast milk, initially 2-3 times a day between 6-8 months, increasing to 3-4 times daily between 9-11 months and 12-24 months with additional nutritious snacks offered 1-2 times per day, as desired." 

Remember, always consult with your pediatrician regarding introducing solid foods to your baby and specifically discuss any foods that may pose allergy risks for your baby.

sense of purity and freshness arises in your mind as we put our hand close to child’s skin.


Also deprivation of any mark that occurs with age gives the sensation of purity. But the local and environmental factors such that pollution, heat etc produces a dead layer on the healthy skin of the child but as the doctors’ advice, nothing should be done to correct this.
According to skin specialists, more you interfere with the more are the bad results that you have to see.
It has been seen that the skin of the baby starts forming at the age of 3 months in its intrauterine life and when this periods ends and the baby comes in real world it seems like he is the star of some Dove add.
Also in fifth moth there has been seen some reddish acnes on the skin of child and these are called baby acne. These don’t need any treatment like the adult ones. The etiology is the hormones of mother that moves in body of child after getting birth from his mother.
You should not try to squeeze the acnes as the remaining mark is going to remain on skin for a long time. Also these have a long term affect on the babies undergoing breast- feeding.
Any itching or rash should be taken into consideration and consultation with a Pediatric becomes necessary at this time.

SKIN CARE OF BABY

 

Daily skin care for toddlers

• Use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and soaps.
• To prevent dry skin and rashes, apply liberal amounts of moisturizer after bathing.
• Initiate early sun-protection behaviors, including:
  • The regular use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen that offers a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.
  • If child is prone to skin irritation or allergic reactions, select a physical or chemical-free sunscreen with the ingredients zinc oxide or titanium dioxide.
  • Reapply sunscreen approximately every two hours, even on cloudy days, and after swimming or sweating.
  • Wear protective clothing, such as a long-sleeved shirt, pants, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses, where possible.
  • Seek shade when appropriate, and remember that the sun's rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
  • Use extra caution near water, snow, and sand because they reflect the damaging rays of the sun, which can increase your chance of sunburn.

Pediatric skin infections

Warts

• Skin growths caused by viral infection.
• Warts most regularly seen by dermatologists are common warts and plantar (foot) warts.
• Common warts usually grow around fingernails, on fingers, and on the backs of hands.
• Plantar warts occur on the bottoms of the feet, close to the toes.
• Warts can disappear on their own over a period of several months.
• Treatment is recommended because old warts can spread the virus to the skin around them, creating new warts.
• Topical treatment options include salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen, or canthardin.

Community acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureaus (CA-MRSA)

• Also known as the superbug.
• Easily spread among families and children at daycare centers and schools.
• Presents itself as skin and soft tissue infections, such as cellulitis and open sores.
• Treatment includes oral antibiotics such as clindamycin and tetracyclines.
• To prevent CA-MRSA, children should wash their hands often, cuts and scrapes should be quickly cleaned and bandaged, and children should be taught not to touch other people's wounds or bandages.

Bug bites

• The most common bug bites are from fleas, mosquitoes, wasps, or bees.
• Some bug bites can cause bacterial infections, such as impetigo, a superficial infection of the skin characterized by yellow, crusted, well-defined lesions.
  • Impetigo is highly contagious and can be rapidly spread among children.
  • Treatment for impetigo includes the use of topical or oral antibiotics.
• To avoid bug bites, apply an insect repellent with the ingredients permethrin or the chemical DEET.
• Repellents containing permethrin should only be applied to clothing.
• Permethrin has a residual effect through several washings and provides lasting protection.
• Repellents containing DEET should have less than 10 percent concentration if applying to children.
• Repellents with DEET should not be applied to babies younger than two months old.

Pediatric skin inflammations

Eczema

• This general term encompasses various inflamed skin conditions, including one of the most common forms of eczema, atopic dermatitis.
• About 10 percent to 20 percent of the world's population is affected by this chronic, relapsing, and very itchy rash at some point during childhood.
• It occurs most often on the face and scalp.
• Can be confused with cradle cap, which is a red, scaly rash on the scalp, sides of the nose, eyebrows, eyelids, and the skin behind the ears, and it usually clears on its own by 8 months.
• Treatment options:
  • Nonprescription corticosteroid creams and ointments.
  • Prescription topical, steroid-free medications.
  • Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, which are prescription topical medications that belong to a class of drugs called calcineurin inhibitors and work by modulating the immune response.
• The 2004 total direct cost associated with the treatment of atopic dermatitis/eczema (in both children and adults) was $1 billion. The majority of the cost, $154 million, is attributed to spending on prescription drugs¹.

COMMON SKIN DISEASES OF CHILDREN

Of the hundreds of skin diseases, there are only about a dozen, aside the contagious fevers, which are very common among school children and young adults. The purpose of this article is to enlighten the elementary-school teacher with regard to the disorders that are most common. The descriptions, however, must not be regarded as complete. Whenever one of the skin diseases is discovered in the school, it is well to see that the affected child consults the school physician or other competent physician.
IMPETIGO CONTAGIOSA
PEDICULOSIS (LOUSINESS)
SCABIES ("THE ITCH")
RINGWORM OF THE SCALP
RINGWORM OF THE BODY
RINGWORM OF THE HANDS, FEET, CROTCH, AND ARMPITS
WARTS
ACNE VULGARIS
BOILS AND CARBUNCLES
HERPES SIMPLEX (COLD SORES)
ALOPECIA AREATA
PSORIASIS
DERMATITIS VENENATA
ECZEMA
SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS
TEACHER'S MANAGEMENT OF CASES
The teacher's problem is to now when to isolate pupils with skin lesions and when such isolation need not be insisted on. Of course, the safe procedure is to isolate all such pupils until a definite diagnosis has been made by a physician. Proper hygiene and cleanliness are good preventives of certain contagious skin disorders, and it is a part of the teacher's task to encourage these measures.

by Clark W. Finnerud (1929)

Baby and Child Movement: Exercise for Everyone

60 Minutes a Day

You know that exercise and eating right are important for a healthy body, but did you know that exercise isn't just for older kids and adults? Even infants benefit from daily activity. According to the National Association of Sports and Physical Education, infants, toddlers, and preschoolers all need to spend 60 minutes in physical activity daily, without being sedentary for more than 60 minutes at a time during waking hours.
That's something to think about, considering the average young child spends an increased amount of time watching television each year. Yet studies show that if children grow up having exercise as part of their daily regimen, they are less likely to become obese or suffer from obese-related problems as older children or adults.

How much exercise do babies need?

Babies don't need any specific amount of exercise. Although it may not seem like much to us big people, a baby's daily routine of feeding, changing, bathing, playing, crying, and growing really is enough activity for him. Don't worry — he'll get more than enough exercise without even thinking about it.

Breakfast Ideas For Baby

Experts agree that breakfast is probably the most important meal of the day...
and, as your baby begins to rely more on solid foods and less on milk to meet his needs (generally towards the end of his first year), then breakfast is the perfect opportunity to fill him up with some really nutritious foods! We've always found that our children have eaten breakfast much more readily than other meals - maybe because they have gone for a longer period without eating than at other times of the day!
It's a good idea - if possible - for the whole family to eat breakfast together. This establishes a healthy eating pattern for your baby to follow. And, of course, babies are much happier to eat with everyone else, than alone!
The ideal baby breakfast will be nutritious and balanced and some of the suggestions on our list of breakfast ideas for baby include more than one food type - wholewheat toast with yogurt, for example, which provides fibre, vitamins, minerals and calcium all in one meal!
And don't be afraid to look beyond traditional breakfast ideas for baby...
This list includes a few items which may not be considered "typical" breakfast foods - but if they're healthy and your baby likes them, then why not give them a try? What we consider to be "breakfast food" depends largely on our culture and upbringing - and, when it comes to food, we all know that stepping outide your cultural "boundaries" can be fun!

NOTE: The ideas suggested here may not be suitable for all ages, as some may require your baby to be at the "self-feeding" stage. Please see our finger foods page for more information about allowing your child to safely feed himself. Remember - if any of these foods are new to your baby, then introduce them separately, following the four day rule. This will help you prevent and identify potential food allergies and digestive problems. ALWAYS discuss the introduction of any new foods with your child's doctor.

Read more: http://www.homemade-baby-food-recipes.com/breakfast-ideas-for-baby.html#ixzz1vKbknaPF

Mineral water & pregnancy

Women often become more aware of their eating and drinking habits when they are pregnant. All of a sudden you are thinking about the health of another, the baby developing within. Your doctor will advise you of foods and drinks to avoid. Vitamins and minerals become an important supplement. Many pregnant women find drinking mineral water a welcome addition.

Drinking for Two

When pregnant, your body is actually working for two. By the time you deliver, part of that extra weight you have gained is attributed to fluids. Four pounds is attributed to the increase in blood volume, and another four pounds is due to the increase in fluid volume, according to the American Pregnancy Association. It is important to drink enough healthy drinks during pregnancy. Mineral water can increase your daily fluid intake and provide minerals as well.

Reverse Osmosis Systems Industrial and Commercial Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Systems 

Help for Nausea

Most women have some nausea during pregnancy. Usually this is during the first trimester and termed "morning sickness." However, you can feel nauseated at any time of the day or night, and for some women it can last longer, even until delivery.
If you happen to be one of those women with hyperemesis gravidarum, which is "severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy" you may be losing vital electrolytes and minerals. This can get to be a vicious cycle, trying to keep fluids down, but unable to stand the taste of tap water. Try different brands of mineral water until you find one that is easy to drink.

Avoiding Constipation

Another ailment that plagues pregnant women is constipation. The American Pregnancy Association recommends that you drink 10 to 12 glasses of fluids, especially if you are increasing your fiber content. If you live in a hot climate and have been sweating more than usual you can replenish lost minerals by drinking mineral water.

Types of Mineral Water

Not all mineral waters are the same, and some may have labels that are misleading. Mineral water must contain 250 parts per million of total dissolved solids or TDS. It must come from a geologically and physically protected natural spring or bore hole, according to NSF International and the FDA. Adding minerals to distilled or filtered water is not accepted as true mineral water.

Some mineral waters are sparkling, meaning that they are naturally occurring and have no carbonation added. There are many different brands of mineral water with different sources. You should check the labels for sources and bottling to get a full account of the minerals available. On the whole, mineral water contains: calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrates, sulphates, fluoride and even bicarbonates.

Research

In 2007, the Journal of Perinatal Medicine reported a study in Finland that investigated the effects of mineral water fortified with folic acid, vitamins B6, B12, D and calcium in pregnancy.

Seventy-four pregnant women were studied from the 11th week of pregnancy to the 21st week. For eight weeks, the subjects consumed 1,000 ml per day of fortified or normal mineral water. Results found the women who drank the folic acid fortified water had marked improvements in serum levels. Folic acid is a B vitamin that is necessary for healthy development of the fetus during early pregnancy.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/129184-mineral-water-pregnancy/#ixzz1vBZefQHC

Rich vitamin food for 2 year baby

Vitamin A in 1 Day of Foods for Baby
1/4 cup (approx. 2 ounces) baked sweet potato offers 9609 IU
1/4 cup (approx. 2 ounces) of peaches offer 126 IU
1/4 cup (approx 2 ounces) of pureed avocado provides 84 IU
1/4 cup (approx. 2 ounces) plain whole milk yogurt serves up 61 IU
TOTAL: 9880 IU of Vitamin A
Just 2 ounces of mashed sweet potato takes care of the RDI of Vitamin A for babies and children up to the age of 8 years – just 2 ounces!

Here is a great recipe for Vitamin A rich sweet potatoes that the whole family can enjoy:
Maple Baked Sweet Potatoes with Wheat Germ
Ingredients:
3 medium sized sweet potatoes/yams
1/3 cup maple syrup
1/4 cup toasted wheat germ*
cinnamon and/or nutmeg to taste – start with 1 teaspoon
Directions:
Preheat oven to 375 degrees F
1.  Peel then rinse the sweet potatoes, cut into small chunks
2.  Put the chunks into a medium bowl, then drizzle on 2 tablespoons of olive oil and 1/3 cup maple syrup
3.  Sprinkle on the cinnamon and/or nutmeg then sprinkle on the wheat germ and mix to combine
4.  Place sweet potato chunks into baking dish and cover with foil
5.  Bake in the oven for 30 minutes, remove foil and bake another 15-30 minutes or until sweet potatoes are fork tender
6.  When finished baking, remove the sweet potatoes from the oven and stir to combine all the wonderful flavors.  Serve warm.
*Wheat is typically introduced around 8 months of age and after baby is tolerating other grains.  It is a possible allergen and celiacs should not eat it; it should be offered with the advice of your pediatrician.
Options:
Puree and serve
Puree and add peaches and/or yogurt for a juicy twist
Mash in some applesauce
Mash and serve in a bowl with a baby spoon.  Let baby use the spoon to practice; this mix will cling well to the spoon!

Developmental Milestones for a 5 Years Old

Physical Development
The continuity of learning new skills and improving still better on the developing ones, remains an ongoing process for a growing child. A 5 yr old child who is full of energy displays his strength and capabilities in his own unique way. He likes jumping from the chair to the floor and trying to balance himself on the wooden edges of the sofa. It rather becomes a play and fun activity for him, which he does repeatedly even after being scolded. Hops around, displays a good balance on one foot may be for even more than ten seconds. Some 5 years old children may also learn to skip rope, begin to skate and even take up to swimming. He doesn’t struggles with his shoe laces anymore, makes dance like body movements on hearing his favourite jingle and musical tones. His budding intellect and increasing concentration span helps him carry out one or two simple activities to its completion. For e.g. colouring a circle, then taking up cutting and pasting a simple picture. He even gets better in copying more different geometrical shapes, other than circle or a triangle.
Social, Emotional and Intellectual Development
Your 5 yr old child would want to be in the company of children of the same age group rather than play by himself alone. As he seeks more preference for one or two children in the group, he would give them more importance and would often stick to their company. The concept of having ‘ best friends’ doesn’t sets in completely, but it is just that they feel more comfortable with few children as compared to others. He may boss over his chums, would like to have some simple set rules for his games. Most 5 yr old children bond with both the sexes but prefer playing with the same gender group. They also don’t seem to completely evolve out of their fantasy world.
Many five year olds become vary of darkness and concept of monsters. Some may particularly develop fear of loud noises and animals like dogs. Their growing intellectual skill does make them distinguish between a right and a wrong doing. This, especially when they have been already explained by their parents. But they are yet not able to form a deep rooted understanding for the same, which however gets resolved as they age further. A 5 year old child also does not experience the same surge of strong emotions, possessiveness and frustration, as when he was about three years old. He has gained control over his aggressive behaviour.
You would often find your child getting more inquisitive in learning and grasping new words and phrases. At times, may bombard you with too many questions or argue in the course of wanting to know something in detail. With an increasing vocabulary of around 12,000 to 13,000 words, weaves more complex sentences. He begins to understand ‘rhyming’ in a given sentence. On being taught, can name few simple opposites. May or may not understand the concepts of time.
Answers promptly on being asked his parents’ name. Recalls more than five to six names of colours and count ten to twelve or even more numbers. Shows fondness for coins and would often want to keep it safely in a baby handbag or play with them. Many children of around this age would be able to point to body parts correctly, when taught. Many children begin to show better understanding of their behaviour and sensitivity towards others. If taught and prompted, would say words like ‘thanks’ and ‘sorry’. Some children may also learn to greet elders in their native language. But this gesture again requires little prompting and prodding from the parents’ end.
Promoting Developmental Milestones
Look out for ways that can help nurture your child’s abilities through activities that he enjoys. It may necessarily not always be a mundane routine of sitting everyday with a number book, learning to pick up more numbers. You can always involve daily activities as a medium to teach new things. For e.g. counting can also be learned by showing and letting your child tell on his own, how many cupcakes you have made for the day. To begin with at this age, simple arithmetic skills like addition and subtraction can be taught with the help of objects rather than numerals.
Children at around this age also like to remain glued to their favourite cartoon channels. It’s important to keep a vigil on what they view and for how long they enjoy this TV time. Making them play with other children, assist you do a simple household task or putting back his own set of toys, folding a simple pair of their clothing should be encouraged. It’s also important to teach your child the different aspects of safety, when they venture out to play. Stay wise and alert by being there and around, keeping a tab on their activities. A child around this age should be made to understand the dangers of running after a stray ball or climbing that broken play equipment in the park. Make him aware of what kind of behaviour he needs to adhere to, while talking to a stranger.

Baby bathwater contains fragrance allergens and chemicals

A group of chemists from the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) has developed a method to quantify the fragrance allergens found in baby bathwater. The researchers have analysed real samples and detected up to 15 allergen compounds in cosmetics and personal hygiene products. 

A team of scientists from the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology at the USC has developed a method to detect and quantify the 15 most common fragrance allergens included in soap, gel, cologne and other personal hygiene products.   

“Applying the method to eight real samples obtained from the daily baths of a series of babies aged between six months and two years old, we discovered the presence of all the compounds under study in at least one of the samples,” co-author of the study published this month in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, María Llompart, explained to SINC. 

The scientists found at least six of the 15 compounds in all the samples. In some cases, concentrations were “extremely high”, exceeding 100ppm (parts per million = nanograms/millilitre). Some of the substances that appeared were benzyl salicylate, linalol, coumarin and hydroxycitronellal. 

“The presence and levels of these chemical agents in bathwater should be cause for concern,” Llompart said, “bearing in mind that babies spend up to 15 minutes or more a day playing in the bath and that they can absorb these and other chemicals not only through their skin, but also by inhalation and often ingestion, intentional or not.”

New Method to Detect Fragrances

Allergens were able to be detected due to the high level of sensitivity of the method, which for the first time applies the Solid-Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) technique to determining the ingredients of cosmetics and child hygiene products. This technique makes it possible to concentrate and isolate chemical components from a sample by absorbing them into fibres with a certain coating. 

The researchers have also employed gas chromatography to separate compounds and mass spectrometry to identify and measure the abundance of each of the fragrances. 

European regulations stipulate that the presence of such substances should be indicated on the label of the product when levels exceed a certain limit (0.1 or 0.01%, depending on the type of compound), but some associations believe these limits are excessively tolerant, particularly where child hygiene and baby and child care products are concerned. 

References: J. Pablo Lamas, Lucia Sánchez-Prado, Carmen Garcia-Jares y María Llompart. “Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of fragrance allergens in baby bathwater”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 394 (5): 1399-1411, julio de 2009

Giving your baby a bath for the first time can be a scary prospect -- how do you handle such a fragile little body when it gets wet and slippery? How often do babies even need a bath? And what if your baby is scared of the water? These are all valid concerns, but bathing your baby can be a simple, enjoyable activity.
First, relax -- many experts believe that babies can pick up on their parents' moods, so it's important to remain calm when it's time for a bath. It might ease your mind to know that babies don't need to be bathed all that often, pediatricians say [source: Johnson & Johnson]. Two or three baths a week should be enough, as long as you're cleaning your baby's face and hands after feedings and the genital area after diaper changes.
It might also be reassuring to know that for the first few weeks, a "real" tub bath isn't even necessary. In fact, until your baby's umbilical cord detaches and -- if applicable -- your baby's circumcision is healed, tub baths are actually not recommended [source: WebMD]. This means you'll start with sponge baths and gradually ease into baths in a tub, which will make the bathing process easier for both you and your baby.
As for timing, bathe your baby whenever it's convenient for you and most enjoyable for your baby. If baths seem to relax your baby, try it at night as part of your baby's bedtime routine. If not, try to work bath time in right before a feeding, since baths too soon after feeding might make your baby more likely to spit up [source: Johnson & Johnson]. Don't be afraid to experiment a bit to find a routine that works.
With a little preparation, bath time can be a great experience for both you and your baby. Read on to see why multiple washcloths are a must on your list of things to gather up when preparing for bath time.

Preparing to Bathe Your Baby

Planning ahead is especially crucial when it comes to giving your baby a bath. Your baby will require your undivided attention during the entire bath -- never leave your baby unattended in the water for even a moment. If you have to answer the phone or check the stove, wrap your baby in a towel and bring him with you. This constant supervision means you'll need to plan ahead and save yourself the hassle of having to move your baby constantly.
So what exactly will you need to prepare? The most important thing is to have all your supplies close by during the bath. You will need the following items:

• Baby tub or basin -- even if you wash your baby in the sink, you'll want a clean container that's the right size for your baby.
• Several clean washcloths -- you'll probably want at least three: one for washing with only water, one for washing with soap and one for rinsing.
• Several clean towels
• Mild, baby-friendly soap -- don't use strong, heavily fragranced soap or shampoo on a baby because the ingredients are typically too harsh for a baby's fragile skin and could cause irritation or dryness.
• Sterile cotton balls or squares -- you'll need these for cleaning your baby's eyes and nose.
• Rubbing alcohol or hydrogen peroxide -- some experts recommend using it to clean the area around the umbilical cord until it detaches [source: WebMD].
• Changing pad
• New diaper and clean clothing

Arrange the items in a way that's convenient for you. The important thing is that everything you need is within arm's reach, since you always need to keep at least one hand on your baby. Read on to find out what to do next once your supplies are lined up and ready to go.

Baby Bath Water Depth and Temperature

Once you have your supplies handy, it's time to let the bath begin! In your baby's first few weeks, only a sponge bath will be necessary. But once you move to the tub, there are several factors to consider.
One of the most important factors in your baby's bath is water temperature, so you should make sure to turn down your water heater. Most water heaters come preset from the manufacturers at 140 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit (60 to 66 degrees Celsius), which can give a baby's sensitive skin third-degree burns within seconds. To prevent accidental scalding, make sure you set the water heater to only 120 degrees Fahrenheit (about 49 degrees Celsius) [source: WebMD].
Even after you've adjusted your water heater, you should still be very mindful of water temperature every time you get ready for baby's bath. Test the water with your elbow or back of your hand to make sure it feels lukewarm. Once your baby is in the tub, continue to check the temperature to make sure it doesn't get too chilly. But never run the water while the baby is in the tub -- you don't want the water to get too hot or too deep.
As far as the depth of water is concerned, fill the tub with only 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7 centimeters) of water. Babies can drown in less than an inch of water, so be very conscious of the amount of water you use [source: WebMD].
So once you have the right amount of water at the right temperature, what's next? Read on to learn how exactly to handle your baby in the bath without slipping.

Handling Your Baby in the Bath

When it's time to actually put your baby in the bath, you might be a bit nervous -- especially while you get used to how slippery a wet baby can be! But handling your baby is probably not as difficult as you might imagine. Some babies very much enjoy baths and become very relaxed, and others might not like baths and will squirm or fuss. It will take some adjusting for both you and your baby, so just be patient, and find the holding technique that works best for both of you.
During the first few weeks, while you're giving your baby a sponge bath, the key is to go in stages. As you undress your baby, support the head and torso with one arm and hand. Continue this support throughout the sponge bath as you wash his body. When it's time to wash the hair -- which should be near the end of the bath -- adjust your support so that you can tip your baby's head back to avoid getting water in his eyes.
When it's time to start giving your baby a tub bath, there are some extra tips to keep in mind -- after all, it can be a bit more tricky to handle a wet, partially submerged baby than one lying on a dry surface. While lowering your baby into the tub -- and while lifting your baby out when bath time is over -- use one hand to support your baby's bottom and legs and the other hand to support his neck and head. As you bathe your baby, gently and consistently pour water over his body so he doesn't get too chilly.
Just remember to always keep at least one hand on your baby at all times. Even if you eventually use supplies such as a bath ring or bath seat, it's important that you always support your baby with one hand while washing with the other.
Now that you're ready to handle your baby, read on to find out more about different methods of bathing your baby.

Baby Washing Methods

Though there are lots of different methods for bathing your baby, it's important to go with what works best for you. Focus on being safe and efficient, follow these basics, and from there, it's really up to you.
Sponge baths are relatively straightforward. Undress your baby in stages, removing the clothing over each area as you go, or else completely undress him, and keep him covered with a towel throughout the bath. Either way, leave the diaper on until the very end to prevent accidents.
Wash one area at a time, starting with the face and moving down the body. On your baby's face, use a wet washcloth (no soap!) and damp cotton balls to clean the eyes, moving from inner corner to outer corner [source: Springhill Medical Center]. For baby's body, add soap to the washcloth and wash from the neck moving down. Wash the genital area after you've washed the rest of the body. Use another wet washcloth to rinse each area after you've washed it, and dry each area as you go. Wash your baby's hair last, using just water or a mild shampoo designed for babies, and then rinse using your hand to pour water over his head.
When your baby's umbilical cord heals, it's time for tub baths. Tub baths follow the same process, but your baby will actually be in the water, which can be nerve-wracking. Just keep the first few tub baths quick, and it shouldn't be a rough transition. After you've filled the tub, lower your baby feet-first into the tub, always supporting his head and neck. Follow the same cleansing process you used during sponge baths: Start with the face and work your way down the body, finishing by washing his hair. Keep your baby warm by pouring water over him body regularly. When bath time is over, lift him out of the tub the same way you lowered him in, and wrap him in a towel.
But bath time is not quite over once your baby is nice and clean. Read on to find out how to dry and take care of your baby post-bath.

Drying Your Baby

After the bath itself is complete, it's time to dry your baby. During the first few weeks, while you're still giving your baby sponge baths, dry each area of the body right after you wash and rinse it before you move on to wash the next area. And use a towel to cover up the parts that aren't being washed. That way, your baby won't get too cold during the bathing process.
When it's time for your baby to start taking tub baths, immediate drying is still just as important. Babies lose heat quickly -- especially through their heads -- so it's important to wrap your baby in a towel as soon as bath time is over. You may want to use a hooded towel for added warmth around your baby's head.
As for actual methods of drying, make sure you gently pat your baby dry instead of rubbing, since rubbing can irritate your baby's skin [source: WebMD]. And be sure to thoroughly dry any folds in your baby's skin, especially around the neck and legs, since trapped moisture can cause irritation [source: Johnson & Johnson].
After you've thoroughly yet gently dried your baby, dress him quickly with a clean diaper and clean clothes. Until the umbilical cord stump detaches, be careful not to cover the cord area.

Remember that bath time can be not only part of an important hygiene routine but also a great bonding time for you and your baby. Just make sure you're prepared -- you'll stay calm and relaxed, and your baby will feel that way, too. For more information about how to bathe your baby, see the links on the next page.

Fruits That Are Rich in Vitamins

Vitamins are needed for the human body to properly function. In general, the body cannot make or synthesize vitamins, according to MedlinePlus. To achieve the best results, eat a well-balanced diet. Fruits that are rich in vitamins need to be included as part of the diet.

Vitamin A

Most fruits contain vitamin A, according to Health Alternatives 2000. Some fruits, however, contain more plentiful amounts. Rich amounts are found in tropical fruits, such as papaya, mango, guava and passion fruit. Watermelon, grapefruit and cantaloupe also contain rich amounts of this vitamin. According to NutritionData, 1 cup of cantaloupe balls contains almost 6,000 IU120 percent of your daily recommended value of the vitamin. Dried fruits, such as peaches, apricots, dates, figs and prunes, are also rich in vitamin A. Tomatoes are rich in this vitamin as well.

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B Vitamins

Numerous B vitamins are found in fruits. Vitamin B2, known as riboflavin and needed for proper growth, is found in mangoes, grapes, dried plums (also known as prunes), bananas, avocados, pomegranates, mulberries and passion fruit, according to Health Alternatives 2000.
Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is another B vitamin found in rich amounts in a multitude of fruits. This vitamin helps to convert food to energy. These fruits include guava, dates, avocado, lychee (an Asian fruit), nectarines, peaches and passion fruits. Found within the berry family are boysenberries and loganberries containing rich amounts of the vitamin. B Vitamins
Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is known to help form hormones and metabolize food. Fruits rich in this vitamin includes avocados, black currants, dates, cherimoya, breadfruit, starfruit, grapefruit and watermelon. Gooseberries and raspberries are foods in the berry family that supply rich amounts of this vitamin.
Vitamin B6 helps protect our immune systems, among other duties. This vitamin is plentiful in avocados, bananas, breadfruit, guavas, grapes, cherimoya, passion fruit, mangoes, lychee, pineapple, gooseberries, pomegranates and watermelon.
Vitamin B9, folic acid or folate, helps produce red blood cells. A variety of berries contain rich amounts of this vitamin. These include boysenberries, blackberries, loganberries, strawberries and raspberries. Other fruits rich in B9 include dates, guava, avocado, orange, pineapple, pomegranate, mango, papaya, passion fruit and lychee.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is an antioxidant that is one of the most important vitamins, according to Health Alternatives 2000. Rich sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit, mulberries, kiwi, mangoes, papayas, pineapple and strawberries.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is another antioxidant that plays a significant role in the body. It helps with healing and protecting. Cranberries, blueberries, boysenberries, blackberries, mulberries and raspberries are rich sources of this vitamin. Breadfruit, black currants, avocados, kiwi, guavas, mangoes, nectarines, papayas and pomegranates are also high in vitamin E.

Vitamin K

This vitamin plays a key role in blood clotting, according to CNN Interactive. Rich fruit sources of this vitamin include avocados, grapes, kiwi, mangoes, pears, mangoes, rhubarb, figs and pomegranates. A variety of berries contain rich amounts, including cranberries, blackberries, blueberries, boysenberries, loganberries, mulberries and raspberries. According to NutritionData, the highest amount is found in uncooked dried plums.

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/87196-fruits-rich-vitamins/#ixzz1uryfS9s1